The precautions for the adult tracheotomy care model mainly lie in two aspects: standardized operation and safe training. First of all, before using the model, it is necessary to check whether the tracheotomy site and related accessories are intact, keep the airway unobstructed, and avoid affecting the training effect due to component damage. During the operation, it should be strictly carried out in accordance with the clinical nursing procedures, such as changing the cannula, cleaning the incision, and suctioning care, etc. Ensure that the movements are gentle to avoid damaging the model, while maintaining consistency with the actual clinical operation.

During the nursing drill, the principle of asepsis should be noted. When performing sputum aspiration or changing the tracheal tube, it is necessary to simulate the process of wearing sterile gloves and using sterilized consumables to cultivate the correct aseptic concept among trainees. In addition, attention should be paid to the adjustment of airbag pressure and the stability of pipeline fixation to prevent model damage or training distortion due to improper operation.

After use, the model should be cleaned and maintained in a timely manner, especially the trachea cut and the pipe part, to keep it dry and clean, so as to extend its service life. At the same time, it should be properly stored to avoid deformation caused by high temperature, humidity or compression.

In conclusion, the adult tracheotomy care model plays a significant role in teaching. Only by paying attention to standardized operation and maintenance can its teaching value be better exerted and help trainees master standardized care skills.

The standard acupuncture point model is a common auxiliary tool for teaching and clinical training in traditional Chinese acupuncture. It is mainly used to display the distribution of meridians and acupoints in the human body and help learners with acupuncture positioning and operation training. When using this model, the following points should be noted.

First of all, before operation, it is necessary to check whether the surface markings of the model are clear and whether the acupoint numbers are complete to avoid affecting the learning effect.

Secondly, when conducting needling training, one should strictly follow the teaching norms, control the depth and Angle of needle insertion, and avoid excessive force to prevent damage to the model material. For repeatedly used models, it is recommended to choose dedicated training needles to reduce the expansion of holes or damage to the epidermis caused by needling.

Secondly, during the usage process, it is necessary to combine anatomical knowledge, understand the basis for locating acupoints and the direction of meridians, and avoid relying solely on the surface marks of the model while neglecting theoretical learning.

In addition, after each training session, the surface of the model should be cleaned in a timely manner to keep it dry and prevent dust and oil stains from affecting the clarity of the marking. It should also be properly stored in a cool place, avoiding direct sunlight or heavy pressure. It is worth noting that the model is only a teaching and practice tool and cannot replace clinical operations. Its misuse in non-training environments should be avoided.

Through reasonable use and maintenance, the standard acupuncture point model can not only extend its service life but also effectively enhance students' understanding of meridians and acupoints as well as their mastery of acupuncture skills, thus having significant teaching and practical value.

The simulation arm for children's venipuncture is a commonly used model in nursing and medical teaching, which has significant teaching and practical significance.

Firstly, it can truly reproduce the anatomical characteristics of the veins in children's arms, including the vein course, distribution and vascular elasticity, enabling trainees to gain an operation experience close to clinical practice during training.

Secondly, through repeated practice, trainees can become familiar with the standard steps of venipesis, such as selecting blood vessels, binding tourniquets, disinfection, inserting needles and fixing the needles, thereby improving their operational proficiency and reducing clinical misoperations.

Thirdly, this model can effectively reduce the pain and risks caused by repeated punctures on real children patients, providing a safe learning platform for trainees. Fourth, during the training process, trainees can also use the "blood recovery" prompt to determine whether the puncture was successful, further enhancing their clinical thinking and emergency response capabilities.

Finally, the model material is durable and reusable, making it suitable for teaching and assessment needs.

Overall, the children's venous puncture simulation arm not only helps to enhance skill levels but also cultivates trainees' humanistic care awareness, laying a solid foundation for clinical work. 

The head acupuncture model is a specialized tool used for teaching and practical training in traditional Chinese acupuncture. The model is marked with the positions of the main meridians and acupoints on the head, which can help learners master the key points of acupoint selection and operation on the head. During the usage process, to ensure the teaching effect and the lifespan of the model, the following matters should be noted.

First of all, before use, check whether the surface of the model is intact and whether the acupoint markings are clear to avoid teaching errors caused by wear or blurring. If stains are found, they can be gently wiped with a clean soft cloth. Avoid using strong chemical solvents to prevent damage to the surface layer.

Secondly, in teaching demonstrations, instructions or simulated operations should be strictly carried out in accordance with the meridians' directions and the positions of acupoints. If needling training is to be conducted, special teaching AIDS and needles should be used instead of real needles to prevent puncturing the model or causing unnecessary safety risks.

Secondly, when operating, handle with care to avoid heavy pressure, bending or prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, to prevent the model from deforming, fading or aging. When storing, it is advisable to keep it in a dry and well-ventilated place, away from high-temperature and humid environments.

Finally, during the students' practice process, teachers should enhance guidance to ensure the standardization of acupoint identification and operation methods.

By taking the above precautions, the head acupuncture model can not only maintain a good state but also maximize its role in teaching and training.

The Advanced Breast Visual and palpation Model is a medical training tool for breast health check-ups and early disease detection, specifically designed for medical staff. It simulates the real anatomical structure and lesion conditions of the breast, helping trainees master the techniques of visual and palpation examination of the breast and improving their diagnostic ability for breast diseases.

This model is equipped with multiple variable lesion types, including benign masses, malignant tumors, cysts, etc. Trainees can sense masses of different textures through palpation and observe the skin changes and symmetry of the breast through visual examination. The model adopts soft materials and a hierarchical structure, which can simulate real breast tissue and lesion responses, providing an experience similar to a clinical environment.

During the training process, trainees can assess breast health by touching and observing, simulating scenarios of early detection of diseases such as breast cancer. The model is also equipped with a feedback system to help trainees evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of their operations and ensure the improvement of their skills.

Through this high-fidelity training, medical staff can conduct breast examination practices in a risk-free environment, enhancing their diagnostic confidence and accuracy, thereby increasing the early detection rate of breast diseases and safeguarding the health of patients.

The 85cm human skeleton with nerve model is a conventional teaching aid used in medical education and clinical training. It is made in a reduced proportion of adult bones, with a height of approximately 85cm and a compact and comprehensive structure.

This model not only showcases the basic skeletal system of the human body, but also highlights and configures the main neural pathways, such as the brachial plexus nerve, sciatic nerve, femoral nerve, etc., enabling learners to understand skeletal anatomy while intuitively grasping the distribution and proximity of nerves.

When in use, trainees can observe the bony landmarks on the head, spine, thorax, limbs and other parts, and combine them with neural markers to learn their positioning on the body surface and clinical significance. Some joints, such as the shoulder joint and hip joint, can be moved, which facilitates the demonstration of the relationship between limb movement and nerve traction and enhances the interactivity of teaching.

This model is applicable to the teaching of courses such as basic anatomy, neuroanatomy and rehabilitation medicine, helping students establish a clear three-dimensional structural concept within a limited space. At the same time, it is also often used in doctors' clinical explanations and patients' health education, making the complex neural distribution visual and intuitive. The 85cm human skeleton with nerve model is not only portable and easy to display, but also scientific and practical, making it an important auxiliary tool in teaching and research.

The advanced adult tracheotomy care model is a highly realistic teaching device used by medical staff and trainees to master the post-tracheotomy care and operation skills. This model is designed based on the anatomical structure of adults, featuring realistic neck, trachea and surrounding tissues. It can simulate the real clinical state after tracheotomy, providing trainees with intuitive and standardized training conditions.

During the usage process, trainees can practice multiple operations such as the insertion and fixation of tracheal cannulas, airway humidification, sputum aspiration of secretions, incision care, and prevention of complications. The model is equipped with transparent or simulated materials, making the tracheal position, incision opening and intubation depth clearly visible, which helps to understand the key points of operation and anatomical relationships. Meanwhile, its structure allows for repeated operations, facilitating trainees to practice repeatedly in a risk-free environment and gradually master the entire process from basic care to complex care.

When operating, pay attention to the aseptic principle to avoid cross-contamination. When simulating sputum aspiration and humidification training, the time and intensity should be strictly controlled to ensure that the operation closely meets the clinical requirements. After the training is completed, the pipes and incision areas should be cleaned and disinfected, and the model should be properly stored to extend its service life.

The application of this model not only enhanced the practical ability and clinical thinking of the trainees, but also laid a solid foundation for the safe care and complication prevention of patients with tracheotomy.

The principle of the PICC intervention training model mainly lies in simulating the process of peripheral venous puncture and catheter insertion in the human body to help trainees master the standardized operation of inserting central venous catheters (PICC) through peripheral veins. This model is designed based on the anatomical structure of the adult upper limb and trunk, with a high degree of simulation. Its surface is covered with simulated skin, and it is equipped with multiple punctable venous conduits, such as the vital vein, the head vein and the median elbow vein, which are connected to the superior vena cava to form a complete vascular path.

During the operation, trainees can select the puncture point by touching the anatomical landmarks. After the needle is inserted into the blood vessel, blood return can be seen, enhancing the sense of reality. Subsequently, steps such as guidewire insertion, dilation and catheter placement can be carried out until the tip of the catheter reaches the superior vena cava. Some advanced models can also be combined with X-ray or ultrasound positioning training to verify the position of the catheter.

This principle not only enables trainees to be familiar with blood vessel selection, puncture techniques and catheter operation procedures, but also allows them to practice repeatedly, reducing the occurrence of clinical complications. Through this low-risk and highly realistic simulation training, the technical proficiency and clinical adaptability of nursing staff can be effectively enhanced, providing a guarantee for patient safety.

The advanced infant tracheotomy care model is a simulation device specifically designed to train clinical medical staff in infant tracheotomy care techniques, and its operation process must be strictly standardized.

First of all, the operator needs to wash their hands and wear sterile gloves, and prepare relevant items such as suction tubes, oxygen devices, and nursing kits.

Secondly, place the model baby in a supine or semi-recumbent position, keep the airway unobstructed, and check the condition of the tracheal incision site. Then, clean and disinfect the skin around the incision, change the dressing using aseptic operation, and observe for any signs of bleeding, secretions or infection.

During the nursing process, artificial airway fixation is also required to ensure the stability of the cannula position. Airway humidification and sputum aspiration operations should be carried out as needed. It should be noted that the sputum aspiration time should not be too long to avoid hypoxia.

After completion, the baby's breathing, skin color and vital signs need to be re-evaluated to confirm that the care effect is good. After the operation is completed, properly handle the items used and record the nursing situation. Through the training of this model, learners can repeatedly practice in a risk-free environment, master the standard procedures and key points of infant tracheotomy care, and lay a solid foundation for clinical safe operation.

The operation norms of the large ear anatomical model are mainly used in otolaryngology teaching, clinical training and related anatomical research. This model is designed based on the simulation of the structures of the human outer ear, middle ear and part of the inner ear, usually including key parts such as the auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles of the middle ear and eustachian tube. To ensure the accuracy of teaching and the standardization of operation, the following steps and requirements must be followed during the usage process.

First of all, before operation, the integrity of the model should be carefully inspected to ensure that all structures are clear and the detachable parts are stable. Operators must wear gloves to prevent oil stains or sweat from damaging the surface of the model. During the teaching process, one can start by demonstrating from the external ear, successively explaining the shape and function of the auricle. Then, by disassembling and assembling, the anatomical positions of the external auditory canal and the eardrum can be shown. Finally, the middle ear cavity, the ossicular chain and their conduction functions can be gradually explained. If the model is equipped with transparent or magnifying components, teachers and students should be guided to observe from different angles in order to understand the spatial relationship.

Secondly, when operating, excessive force should be avoided to prevent damage to the fine structures, especially the ossicles or the simulated part of the eardrum. After each use, the model needs to be restored to its original position to ensure that all parts are correctly installed. Finally, wipe it with a clean soft cloth. If necessary, maintain it with a neutral detergent. Avoid direct sunlight or storage in high-temperature environments.

Through standardized operation, the large ear anatomical model can not only help learners comprehensively master the knowledge of ear anatomy, but also visually display the relevant changes in pathological teaching, improving the effectiveness of clinical teaching and scientific research training.

The simple full-body cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) manikin is a basic first aid training device, mainly used for teaching and training the basic operation skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This model is designed in proportion to the entire human body, covering parts such as the head, chest and limbs, and can visually present the key operation links in first aid.

Its structural design is simple and the key points of operation are prominent, making it suitable for use in nursing colleges, Red Cross societies and primary medical units for popular training. When in use, trainees can practice core steps such as consciousness judgment, airway opening, artificial respiration and external chest compression on the model. The chest area has an elastic feedback function, which can truly reflect the depth and force of compression, helping trainees master the key points of effective compression.

Some simple models also have a ventilation observation function, which can determine whether artificial respiration is successful by the rise and fall of the chest cavity. Due to its lightweight design, portability and ease of maintenance, the simple full-body cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation manikin is particularly suitable for large-scale emergency training and public education. Although its functions are not as comprehensive as those of advanced simulation manikins, it is intuitive to operate and has a moderate cost, which can meet the needs of basic teaching and assessment, laying a solid foundation for trainees to establish standardized first aid awareness and skills.

The four-function acupoint model for the head is a specialized model for traditional Chinese acupuncture teaching that integrates teaching, training and practice. It is mainly used to demonstrate and train various operation functions of acupoints on the head, such as positioning, needling, pressing and electroacupuncture. The model is designed based on the anatomical proportions of a real person's head. Its surface accurately marks the commonly used meridian directions and acupoint locations of the head, such as Baihui, Taiyang, and Yintang, providing learners with intuitive and clear references. Through this model, beginners can become familiar with the distribution patterns of acupoints in an intuitive environment and deepen their memory and understanding in practice.

During the simulation exercise, learners can conduct diverse operation training with the help of this model. For example, use the needling function to familiarize oneself with the depth and Angle of needle insertion; Master the force of massage or tapping through the pressing function. Experience the modern application of acupoint stimulation in combination with the function of electroacupuncture; The durable design featuring needle pull-out and repetitive operations ensures long-term teaching needs. Compared with traditional picture books, this model not only provides clear visual positioning but also creates hands-on operation opportunities for learners, significantly enhancing the training effect.

The promotion of the four-function acupoint model for the head can effectively enhance the scientificity and standardization of acupuncture teaching, help students and practitioners accumulate experience in a risk-free environment, and thus lay a solid foundation for clinical practice.